Even though Flyvbjerg and Gardner’s Iron Law of Projects (99% of large projectsare over time, over budget, under deliver) is proven, it's a nearly universal truth that the first part of a project is bathed in hope. The optimism bias propels teams to march forward with vigor, often neglecting the foundational work crucial for actual success. Ironically, this skip-the-basics approach is a stellar way to torpedo a project before it launches and I’m going to give you four more.